PSTheory

2. Many Worlds Concept

(...)There exists a World of Entities, which includes all that exists in substantial or other form. An Observer of that which exists appears. Through the Process of Observation the Observer creates phenomena that did not exist before. Phenomena created by the Observer also belong to the World of Entities. Phenomena created by the Observer are different stages of Information. To improve the legibility of the exposition I divided the phenomena created by the Observer into subworlds of the World of Entities: World of Objects, World of Communications and World of Objectives. These three Worlds are dependent on the Observer; they are subjective. This means that every Observer creates their different, own World of Objects, own World of Communications and own World of Objectives. This multitude of Worlds leads to many misunderstandings between Observers: thus the necessity of creating a fifth world that will be objective arises. PSTheory calls this world the World of Systems.

According to PSTheory, without the Mind the real world is something like a multistranded process of Change, carried out within the Universe. When there is no mind, there are no separate Entities, there is unity of the Universe. When there is no Mind, there is no life. It is the Mind that classifies, isolates from unity and names different Entities and the forms of their existence. The real world is composed of everything that exists. Both that which is revealed and which has not been revealed, including matter, energy and ideals. These phenomena fill the Universe in all real Dimensions. They are subject to Changes.

An Entity is a fragment of the real world that for some reason has been isolated from the unity of the Universe by a Mind. An Entity exists in reality.

If we talk about a Mind, we mean the Mind of a particular individual whom we call the Observer. The Observer observes the Universe and acquires Information about it. The Mind has tools that allow it to achieve Objectives. The Mind's basic tools are Objects, which are mental representations of real Entities. Specific Concepts are the names of these Objects. An Object is an image of the Entity in the Mind, a projection of the Entity onto the plane of the Mind, existing only in the Mind.

The Observer's Mind has Objectives. An Objective is the design of a new state of a fragment of reality or the design of a new pattern of its Changeability. An Objective that has been met usually brings gain to the Owner of the Mind who set that Objective and worked towards it.

The Mind operates by processing Information. The Mind collects Information about the Universe in the form of Data (Results of Observation carried out using the senses or measuring equipment) and in the form of Communications. A Communication is something more than pure Information. In the case of a Communication we can indicate its Sender, Receiver and Medium of Information. Without Information, the Mind does not perform its Function.

For a studied Entity, apart from the image of the Entity in the form of an Object, in the Observer's Mind, a System—a structural model of the Entity reflecting the section of the Entity along Change—may be constructed and an image of that System may be created in the Mind. An Object is a representation of the Entity in the Mind: this may be both a colloquial representation and a scientific representation. A System is a structural definition of an Entity. Defined for a given Entity, the System may be provided in the form of a Communication to the Mind of another Observer, who will create an Object (mental representation) of that System. An Observer may have in their Mind an Object of an Entity and an Object of the System of that Entity.

A System is an ideal Entity: it does not exist in the real world. Its image will be created and will exist in the Observer's Mind like the images of ideal Entities. We may postulate that ideal Entities exist only as Information, they do not exist as substantial phenomena.

In PSTheory it is currently held that an ideal description of the Universe using structural concepts is a description of reality at the highest level of abstraction. The formulated structural description attempts to be a description of reality at the highest level of abstraction. There exist parallel descriptions of reality at the colloquial and at the scientific level.

6.13. Emergence
6.13.1. Compound of Changeabilities

Definition:

We give the name Compound of Changeabilities to the simultaneous or subsequent co-occurrence of Changeabilities of several Entities which results in Emergent Changeability, differing from the Changeabilities constituting it.

 

6.13.2. Emergence

Definition:

We call a Structure of Entities an Emergent Structure if it produces Emergent Changeability with respect to its components. It contains at least one Compound of Changeabilities of components.

Postulate:

Every Emergent Structure that is in a State of Equilibrium constitutes an Entity that is superordinate to its components.

Definition:

An Emergent Entity is an Entity that cannot be reduced to any subset of phenomena that make up the Entity.

Definition:

A Root Sequence is a specific way of grouping phenomena. Phenomena of subsequent orders are created from combinations of lower-order phenomena. Each term of a Root Sequence, called a root of the n-th order, is formed by a combination of roots of the n-1-th order. Fundamental phenomena are the lowest terms of a Root Sequence, called the zero roots. The studied phenomenon is the last term of a Root Sequence, called the main root.

Definition:

Changeability of a Structure is called Emergent Changeability if it cannot be reduced to Changeability of components of the Structure that generated the Changeability.

Definition:

WHAT: Emergence is a process that is the Compound of Changeabilities of an Emergent Structure's constituent Entities, resulting in Changeability that differs from the constituent Changeabilities of the Compound. This Changeability is the Changeability peculiar to the Entity created by that Structure.
HOW: Emergence may be broken into a Root Sequence of Compounds, where the first Compound in the Sequence is a Compound of Fundamental Changeabilities. (…)